Introduction. Under increasing sanctions pressure and disruption of logistical and technological chains, the agro-industrial complex of Russia is undergoing a profound structural transformation. The import substitution policy, intensified since 2014, acts as a key factor in mobilizing internal resources, but at the same time reveals systemic problems – dependence on imported seeds and machinery, personnel shortages, and digital inequality. The purpose of the article is to identify and systematize the main trends in the development of the Russian agro-industrial complex under the influence of sanctions restrictions and import substitution measures. Methods. The study is based on a systematic approach, methods of economic-statistical analysis of official data, comparative analysis of domestic and foreign practices, as well as methods of systematization, synthesis, and critical analysis of scientific literature. Results. It has been established that, despite a decline in employment in the industry, key economic indicators (gross value added, profit, profitability) maintain positive dynamics. Investment activity is shifting towards enterprises' own funds, which strengthens financial autonomy but limits the scale of large projects. Crop production demonstrates high volatility with steady growth in oilseed production; livestock farming is progressing, while the dairy industry remains import-dependent. Digital transformation has reached most organizations, but the implementation of artificial intelligence and the Internet of Things remains fragmentary. Human resources potential remains a vulnerable link due to the low attractiveness of agricultural labor. Discussion. Prospects for sustainable development of the agro-industrial complex are associated with increasing investments in breeding and seed production to overcome import dependence, accelerating technical and technological modernization, developing cooperation among small farms and zero-waste production cycles, systematically modernizing personnel training, and adapting best foreign practices taking into account regional specifics.
