ведомственная медицина,
Министерство внутренних дел,
правовое регулирование,
история права,
административное устройство,
Экспедиция государственной медицинской управы,
Народный комиссариат внутренних дел,
правовой институт охраны здоровья,
история государственного управления
Abstract
The article provides a historical and legal analysis of the formation and evolution of the system of medical support for employees of the internal affairs bodies of Russia. The pre-revolutionary prerequisites for the establishment of the medical service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire are examined, beginning with the creation of the Expedition of the State Medical Administration in 1802 and the subsequent normative consolidation of its functions during the 19th century. Special attention is given to the activities of the Medical Department of the Ministry, as well as to the contributions of Ministers of the Interior Count V. P. Kochubey and D. N. Bludov in developing the legal and organizational foundations of departmental medicine. The Soviet period is analyzed through the institutionalization of medical support within the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) of the RSFSR and the USSR, including the orders of the Head of the Main Directorate of the Militia of the NKVD RSFSR of October 12, 1921 Nos. 314/s and 316, and the regulations governing the activities of sanitary and medical units of the NKVD during the Great Patriotic War. It is demonstrated that the formation of the departmental medical service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs represented a consistent process of legal institutionalization of the state mechanism for protecting the health of civil servants, becoming an integral part of the development of Russian administrative law. The author concludes that the legal principles established in the pre-revolutionary period were further developed within the Soviet model of state healthcare, ensuring legal guarantees of medical support for employees of internal affairs bodies. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results by employees of the internal affairs bodies in studying the history of departmental medicine, improving the regulatory framework, and organizing medical support for personnel.
