международный бизнес,
модели управления,
глобализация,
сетевые структуры,
устойчивое развитие,
ESG-принципы,
цифровизация,
геополитические риски,
глокализация,
циркулярная экономика
Abstract
The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the transformation of management paradigms in international business in the context of radical global changes. It examines the evolutionary path from classical models of global expansion, based on centralization, standardization, and economies of scale, to modern flexible and adaptive structures. The key driver of this transformation is the combination of powerful challenges: the digitalization of all business processes, increasing geopolitical risks and market fragmentation, as well as growing institutional and public pressure within the sustainable development agenda. The study critically assesses the limitations of traditional hierarchical models, which demonstrated vulnerability during global crises – from the 2008 financial crisis to the COVID-19 pandemic. As an alternative, the article details the advantages of network and ecosystem structures that ensure resilience through polycentricity, decentralization, and redundancy of connections, illustrated by case studies of Toyota, Procter & Gamble, and Amazon. Special attention is paid to the integration of ESG principles (environmental, social, and governance factors) and sustainable growth strategies into the core of corporate governance. The analysis covers the transition to a circular economy and carbon neutrality as a new source of long-term competitiveness. An important aspect of the work is the examination of the balance between global integration and local adaptation (glocalization), which is necessary for the effective functioning of multinational corporations in a heterogeneous environment. Based on the analysis, practical recommendations are formulated for developing hybrid management models that combine strategic integrity with operational flexibility. The conclusion is drawn that the future of international business belongs to ecosystem organizations capable of harmoniously integrating technological innovation, network collaboration, and sustainable practices to create value in a turbulent world.
