This scientific article is devoted to a comprehensive analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding international competitiveness. The paper systematizes key concepts and models developed within the framework of various scientific paradigms, including classical theories of international trade, concepts of competitive advantages, resource theory of the firm and modern approaches that take into account the impact of globalization and technological innovations. Special attention is paid to the methodological aspects of measuring and evaluating competitiveness at the macro, meso, and micro levels, as well as the evolution of research approaches in this field. The article identifies the main factors determining the competitive positions of countries, industries and companies in the global market from the point of view of various theoretical and methodological perspectives, analyzes their strengths and weaknesses, and determines the prospects for further development of research in this field. The results of the research can be useful for the scientific community, experts and decision makers in the field of international economics and management.
